MLA Style Sheet
MLA Citations, 7th Ed.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style is widely used for identifying research sources. A Bibliography lists all the sources you have read, and information from these sources are not quoted with parenthetical references or footnotes. In a thesis driven, documented research paper, a Works Cited section is mandatory. Works Cited lists all the resources that are used as evidence to prove your thesis. In MLA style, you briefly credit the source with parenthetical citations in the text of your paper. After your “quoted or paraphrased information, include the author and page number if given” (Morita 21). If you are “citing two or more sources by the same author, distinguish articles with the date” (Yokota 2012 18-19).
Entries are arranged alphabetically by author or title if no author is given. Omit introductory article (A, An, The) when alphabetizing. Entries are double spaced, but do not skip spaces between each entry. Begin flush to the left margin and each subsequent line tab to indent 5 spaces (hanging indent).
BOOKS in PRINT:
Author. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Type of Material.
· Take title from the title page, not the cover. Italicize title.
· Capitalize first and last words in the title, along with all major words.
· The following terms should not be capitalized when they are in the middle of a title: articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but for, nor, or, so, yet), prepositions (e.g., in, of, to, between, against), and the “to” in infinitives (e.g., How to Solve It).
· Give city of publication and publisher’s name from title page.
· State or country is not necessary.
· Shorten publisher’s name by omitting Corp., Books, Publishers.
· For university presses, use U for University and P for Press.
ONE AUTHOR EXAMPLE:
Wayne, David S. How to Solve Math Word Problems on Standardized Tests.
New York: McGraw Hill, 2002. Print.
EDITOR EXAMPLE:
Streissguth, Thomas, ed. The Black Death. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,
2004. Print.
TWO OR MORE AUTHORS EXAMPLE:
Hartman, Eve, and Wendy Meshbesher. Climate Change.
Milwaukee: Raintree, 2010. Print.
· List the names in the order in which they appear on the title page.
· Only the first author's name should be reversed: Last Name, First Name; the other name(s) should be written in regular order.
· If the persons named on the title page are editors, add a comma after the final name, then the abbreviation "eds." For compilers, use "comps."
· If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add “et al,” or give all the names.
TWO OR MORE BOOKS FROM THE SAME AUTHOR:
Scott, Susan. Exploring Haunama Bay. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1993. Print.
---. Plants and Animals of Hawaii. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1991. Print.
ENCYCLOPEDIAS in PRINT:
Author of Article.(if given) "Article Title." Title of Book. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year. Type of Material.
Steinberg, Laurence. “Adolescent.” World Book 2010. Chicago: World Book,
Inc., 2010. Print.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES in PRINT:
Author. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine Date: Page(s). Type of Material.
McCulley, Jeff. "On the Mark." Hawaii Business Feb. 1998: 20+. Print.
Carroll, Andrew. “War Letters: The Lives Behind the Lines.” National
Geographic Nov. 2005: 78-95. Print.
· Abbreviate the months (except May, June, July). Give complete dates for magazines, written in this order: Day Month Year, ex.: 19 Jan. 2010
· If the article is on consecutive pages, specify the page numbers of the entire article, e.g. 16-20. Give just the last two digits of the second number, when possible: 188-89, but 196-200
· If the article is not on consecutive pages -- if, for example, it begins on page 27, then skips to page 30, and continues on page 32 -- write only the first page number, followed by a plus sign: 27+.
· Do not give volume and issue numbers.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES in PRINT:
Author. "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper Date, edition: Page(s). Print.
Dingeman, Robbie. “Bill May Curb Street Performers.” Honolulu
Advertiser 28 November 2005, home final ed.: A1-2. Print.
WEB SITES:
Author (if given). “Title of Web Page.” Title of Overall Web Site. Version or Edition.
Publisher or Sponsor, Date. Type of Material. Date of access.
<URL network address only if required by teacher, remove hyperlink>.
· Write the title of the web page in italics if it is independent or shares the name of the overall website (e.g., StarBulletin.com).
· Use N.p. if no publisher or sponsor of website is given.
· If complete date is given, write in order of : Day Month Year.
· Write n.d. if no date is given.
Hoover, Will. “A Scientific Way to Fun.” Honolulu Advertiser.com.
Honolulu Advertiser, 14 Feb. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2010.
Lehrman, Lewis E. Lincoln at Peoria. Lincoln Institute, n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.
ONLINE DATABASES:
· Identify Database (Gale, EBSCO, SIRS, Pro Quest) and date of access.
· Use n.pag. when page numbers are not given.
ONLINE MAGAZINE or ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES from DATABASE (e.g., Gale Infotrac, EBSCO Host):
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine or Book Date of Publication: Pages(s).
Name of Online Database. Type of Material. Date of Access.
Magazine:
Shaw, Jessica. “Olympic Special.” Entertainment Weekly 12 Feb. 2010: 102+.
Gale Infotrac Student Resource Center. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.
Encyclopedia:
"Picasso, Paloma." UXL Biographies 2003: n.pag. Gale Infotrac Student Resource
Center. Web. 15 Feb. 2010.
ONLINE NEWSPAPER ARTICLES from DATABASE:
Author's name (if given). "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper Date of
Publication, edition: Page(s). Online Database. Web. Date of Access.
Vorsino, Mary. “Moanalua Hits High Note on Trip.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin
21 Mar. 2005, home final ed.: n. pag. EBSCO Host. Web. 23 Jan. 2010.
ONLINE SCHOLARLY JOURNALS from DATABASE:
Author. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume number. Issue number (Year):
Pages. Online Database. Type of Material. Date of Access.
Glick, Andrea. “More Research Please.” School Library Journal 51 (2005): 11+.
Gale Infotrac Student Resource Center. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
Author. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Online Database.
Web. Date of Acess.
Kawamura, Yuniya. Fashion-ology. Oxford: Berg, 2005. ebrary. Web.
8 Jan. 2010.
TELEVISION BROADCAST or RADIO PROGRAM:
"Title of Episode or Segment." Title of Program. Reponsible Person(s). Name of
Network. Call letters (if any), City of Local Station (if any). Broadcast Date.
Type of Material.
“The Graying of Hawaii.” Insights on PBS Hawaii. Prod. Mark Delorme and
Audrey Kubota. PBS. KHET, Honolulu, 18 June 2009. Television.
VIDEO RECORDINGS:
Title. Director’s Name. (and/or other Responsible Persons) Distributor, Year.
Type of Media (e.g., DVD, CD, Audiocassette, LP)
· Abbreviate contributors (e.g. dir., writ., perf., prod., comp.).
Mardi Gra. Dir. David Redmon. Carnivalesque Films, 2008. DVD.
SOUND RECORDINGS:
Artist. Album Title. Recording Manufacturer, Publication Date. Type of Media.
Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind. Geffen, 1991. CD.
DIGITAL FILES (e.g., MP3s, PDFs, JPEGs):
· Identify type of file (article, image, sound) and format accordingly
· End with Type of Media (e.g., MP3, JPEG file, PDF file).
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata. Crownstar, 2006. MP3.
INTERVIEWS (Conducted by Student):
Person Interviewed. Type of interview (personal or telephone). Date.
Inouye, Daniel. Telephone interview. 2 Dec. 2009.
EMAIL (Including Email Interviews):
Sender's Name. "Title." (from Subject line) E-mail to the author. Date. Medium.
Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." Message to the author. 15 Nov. 2000.
E-mail.
MLA CITATIONS: http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/library/mlahcc7th.html
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style is widely used for identifying research sources. A Bibliography lists all the sources you have read, and information from these sources are not quoted with parenthetical references or footnotes. In a thesis driven, documented research paper, a Works Cited section is mandatory. Works Cited lists all the resources that are used as evidence to prove your thesis. In MLA style, you briefly credit the source with parenthetical citations in the text of your paper. After your “quoted or paraphrased information, include the author and page number if given” (Morita 21). If you are “citing two or more sources by the same author, distinguish articles with the date” (Yokota 2012 18-19).
Entries are arranged alphabetically by author or title if no author is given. Omit introductory article (A, An, The) when alphabetizing. Entries are double spaced, but do not skip spaces between each entry. Begin flush to the left margin and each subsequent line tab to indent 5 spaces (hanging indent).
BOOKS in PRINT:
Author. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Type of Material.
· Take title from the title page, not the cover. Italicize title.
· Capitalize first and last words in the title, along with all major words.
· The following terms should not be capitalized when they are in the middle of a title: articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but for, nor, or, so, yet), prepositions (e.g., in, of, to, between, against), and the “to” in infinitives (e.g., How to Solve It).
· Give city of publication and publisher’s name from title page.
· State or country is not necessary.
· Shorten publisher’s name by omitting Corp., Books, Publishers.
· For university presses, use U for University and P for Press.
ONE AUTHOR EXAMPLE:
Wayne, David S. How to Solve Math Word Problems on Standardized Tests.
New York: McGraw Hill, 2002. Print.
EDITOR EXAMPLE:
Streissguth, Thomas, ed. The Black Death. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,
2004. Print.
TWO OR MORE AUTHORS EXAMPLE:
Hartman, Eve, and Wendy Meshbesher. Climate Change.
Milwaukee: Raintree, 2010. Print.
· List the names in the order in which they appear on the title page.
· Only the first author's name should be reversed: Last Name, First Name; the other name(s) should be written in regular order.
· If the persons named on the title page are editors, add a comma after the final name, then the abbreviation "eds." For compilers, use "comps."
· If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add “et al,” or give all the names.
TWO OR MORE BOOKS FROM THE SAME AUTHOR:
Scott, Susan. Exploring Haunama Bay. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1993. Print.
---. Plants and Animals of Hawaii. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1991. Print.
ENCYCLOPEDIAS in PRINT:
Author of Article.(if given) "Article Title." Title of Book. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year. Type of Material.
Steinberg, Laurence. “Adolescent.” World Book 2010. Chicago: World Book,
Inc., 2010. Print.
MAGAZINE ARTICLES in PRINT:
Author. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine Date: Page(s). Type of Material.
McCulley, Jeff. "On the Mark." Hawaii Business Feb. 1998: 20+. Print.
Carroll, Andrew. “War Letters: The Lives Behind the Lines.” National
Geographic Nov. 2005: 78-95. Print.
· Abbreviate the months (except May, June, July). Give complete dates for magazines, written in this order: Day Month Year, ex.: 19 Jan. 2010
· If the article is on consecutive pages, specify the page numbers of the entire article, e.g. 16-20. Give just the last two digits of the second number, when possible: 188-89, but 196-200
· If the article is not on consecutive pages -- if, for example, it begins on page 27, then skips to page 30, and continues on page 32 -- write only the first page number, followed by a plus sign: 27+.
· Do not give volume and issue numbers.
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES in PRINT:
Author. "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper Date, edition: Page(s). Print.
Dingeman, Robbie. “Bill May Curb Street Performers.” Honolulu
Advertiser 28 November 2005, home final ed.: A1-2. Print.
WEB SITES:
Author (if given). “Title of Web Page.” Title of Overall Web Site. Version or Edition.
Publisher or Sponsor, Date. Type of Material. Date of access.
<URL network address only if required by teacher, remove hyperlink>.
· Write the title of the web page in italics if it is independent or shares the name of the overall website (e.g., StarBulletin.com).
· Use N.p. if no publisher or sponsor of website is given.
· If complete date is given, write in order of : Day Month Year.
· Write n.d. if no date is given.
Hoover, Will. “A Scientific Way to Fun.” Honolulu Advertiser.com.
Honolulu Advertiser, 14 Feb. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2010.
Lehrman, Lewis E. Lincoln at Peoria. Lincoln Institute, n.d. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.
ONLINE DATABASES:
· Identify Database (Gale, EBSCO, SIRS, Pro Quest) and date of access.
· Use n.pag. when page numbers are not given.
ONLINE MAGAZINE or ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES from DATABASE (e.g., Gale Infotrac, EBSCO Host):
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine or Book Date of Publication: Pages(s).
Name of Online Database. Type of Material. Date of Access.
Magazine:
Shaw, Jessica. “Olympic Special.” Entertainment Weekly 12 Feb. 2010: 102+.
Gale Infotrac Student Resource Center. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.
Encyclopedia:
"Picasso, Paloma." UXL Biographies 2003: n.pag. Gale Infotrac Student Resource
Center. Web. 15 Feb. 2010.
ONLINE NEWSPAPER ARTICLES from DATABASE:
Author's name (if given). "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper Date of
Publication, edition: Page(s). Online Database. Web. Date of Access.
Vorsino, Mary. “Moanalua Hits High Note on Trip.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin
21 Mar. 2005, home final ed.: n. pag. EBSCO Host. Web. 23 Jan. 2010.
ONLINE SCHOLARLY JOURNALS from DATABASE:
Author. "Title of Article." Title of Journal volume number. Issue number (Year):
Pages. Online Database. Type of Material. Date of Access.
Glick, Andrea. “More Research Please.” School Library Journal 51 (2005): 11+.
Gale Infotrac Student Resource Center. Web. 14 Feb. 2010.
ELECTRONIC BOOKS
Author. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Online Database.
Web. Date of Acess.
Kawamura, Yuniya. Fashion-ology. Oxford: Berg, 2005. ebrary. Web.
8 Jan. 2010.
TELEVISION BROADCAST or RADIO PROGRAM:
"Title of Episode or Segment." Title of Program. Reponsible Person(s). Name of
Network. Call letters (if any), City of Local Station (if any). Broadcast Date.
Type of Material.
“The Graying of Hawaii.” Insights on PBS Hawaii. Prod. Mark Delorme and
Audrey Kubota. PBS. KHET, Honolulu, 18 June 2009. Television.
VIDEO RECORDINGS:
Title. Director’s Name. (and/or other Responsible Persons) Distributor, Year.
Type of Media (e.g., DVD, CD, Audiocassette, LP)
· Abbreviate contributors (e.g. dir., writ., perf., prod., comp.).
Mardi Gra. Dir. David Redmon. Carnivalesque Films, 2008. DVD.
SOUND RECORDINGS:
Artist. Album Title. Recording Manufacturer, Publication Date. Type of Media.
Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind. Geffen, 1991. CD.
DIGITAL FILES (e.g., MP3s, PDFs, JPEGs):
· Identify type of file (article, image, sound) and format accordingly
· End with Type of Media (e.g., MP3, JPEG file, PDF file).
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata. Crownstar, 2006. MP3.
INTERVIEWS (Conducted by Student):
Person Interviewed. Type of interview (personal or telephone). Date.
Inouye, Daniel. Telephone interview. 2 Dec. 2009.
EMAIL (Including Email Interviews):
Sender's Name. "Title." (from Subject line) E-mail to the author. Date. Medium.
Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." Message to the author. 15 Nov. 2000.
E-mail.
MLA CITATIONS: http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/library/mlahcc7th.html